PorterStemmer.py - Porter Stemming Algorithm
— in 1,200+ public repos (Gensim, NLTK, …)
Porter, M. "An algorithm for suffix stripping." Program 14.3 (1980): 130-137.
Simplex.py - Nedler-Mead simplex regression method for arbitrary nonlinear function minimization.
— in 34+ repos (EMAN2 cryo-EM, ImageD11, GenX)
Nedler, J.A. and Mead, R. "A Simplex Method for Function Minimization." Computer Journal 7 (1965): 308-313.
Metropolis.py - Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm for Monte Carlo Simulations
Metropolis N., Rosenbluth A.W., Rosenbluth M.N., Teller A.H. and Teller E. "Equations of state calculations by fast computing machines." Journal of Chemical Physics 21 (1953): 1087-1091.
Hastings, W. K. "Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications." Biometrika 57 (1970): 97-109.